Before I get into propellant mixtures a few terms to learn are: Specific Impulse - Defined as the impulse (force * time) delivered by The engine with the higher value of specific impulse is more efficient because it produces more thrust for the same amount of propellant. The units of specific impulse are the same whether we use English units or metric units. The two figures just quoted become 250 s and 450 s.
The rocket motors discussed here a best built by the amateur with propellant weights below 2 lbs.
This strongly influences the choice of fuels. (The higher the speed, the better.) A modern solid fuel rocket has a specific impulse of up to approximately 2500 N s kg-1 whilst a good liquid fuel rocket can produce up to 4500 N s kg-1. and preferably under 1 lb. Third, it simplifies our mathematical analysis of rocket thermodynamics. In combination with an oxidizer such as liquid oxygen, liquid hydrogen yields the highest specific impulse, or efficiency in relation to the amount of propellant consumed, of any known rocket propellant.
Various rocket fuels are rated in "Specific Impulse", which is how much kick you get for how much fuel mass (or weight). And since we are approximating the speed of a gas with a constant velocity; the momentum of the escaping gas is: It is common practice to take a shortcut in the units, at ground level one kg of propellant weighs a little under 10 N and these two figures are cancelled out.
This is still powerful enough to shoot a sizable rocket to well over 4 miles altitude. Absolutely. By definition, it is the impulse delivered per unit of propellant consumed, and is dimensionally equivalent to the thrust generated per unit propellant flow rate. If mass (kilogram or slug) is used as the unit of propellant, then specific impulse has units of velocity. Centaur is raised into the "J" Tower for testing at Point Loma, early 1960s.
Two different rocket engines have different values of specific impulse. The specific impulse is: I sp = u eq /g e. where.
I sp = specific impulse u eq = total impulse / mass of expelled propellant g e = acceleration at Earth's surface (9.8 m/s 2). Rocket designers do that with a quantity called specific impulse, which is directly proportional to the speed of the gas exiting the rocket nozzle. Specific impulse (usually abbreviated Isp) is a measure of the efficiency of rocket and jet engines. Questions about specific impulse (Isp), which is a comparative measure of efficiency of rocket, jet engines and used propellants, measured either in seconds of thrust per unit weight of propellants, or effective exhaust velocity (thrust per unit mass of propellants) as a measure of launcher system's specific energy efficiency.
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