River birch can grow 50 to 90 feet tall but is often seen 40 to 50 feet (Fig. River birch is best adapted to moist soils and is most likely found in nature on the banks of streams or swampy bottomlands, which are both areas of frequent flooding. Birches are considered a "pioneer" species and, thus, tend to grow quickly when young. Native geographic location and habitat. River birches are Missouri natives that are naturally adapted to the climate and are extremely resistant to birch borer. Plants benefit with a 3 to 4 inch layer of mulch and supplemental water in dry periods. Colour. Rarely 12 m (40 feet) tall, it is covered almost to the ground with flexible branches that form a narrow, pyramidal crown. The best foliage color occurs in full sun. The largest tree in North Dakota is 61 feet tall with a canopy spread of 40 feet. %���� Another birch tree grown as much for its peeling bark as for its fall foliage is the paper birch (Betula papyrifera). 3 0 obj %PDF-1.1 It tends to drop lots of twigs, making it better suited for less manicured areas of the landscape. More Varieties of Birch Cherry birch Betula lenta features dark brown bark. River birch trees tolerate the summer heat better than paper birch trees, meaning they are better suited to grow in warmer regions. Gray, Paper Birch Trees . Preformed leaves become hairless. This species has been known to tolerate flooded conditions for extended periods of time. The best foliage color occurs in full sun. Aphids, leaf miner and birch skeletonizer may also occur. It is used for fuel, inexpensive furniture, basket hoops, artificial limbs, and toys. Numerous birds favor seeds in late fall. Although this gray birch has some susceptibility to aphids, birch skeletonizer and dieback, these problems are usually considered to be somewhat minor in comparison to the birch borer and birch leaf miner. The wood is hard and close-grained. - … /WhitePoint [0.9505 1 1.089] Propagation of 'Heritage' river birch is by softwood cuttings, but the plant is patented. River birch is widely planted for its appealing, peeling bark and shiny, diamond-shaped leaves. Betulaceae Betula nigra - river birch: Leaf, alternate, simple, doubly serrate margins, deltoid shape. Not recommended for the St. Louis climate. such as (a) leaf shape; (b) leaf margins; (c) leaf arrangement; and (d) stem structure Assignment Due Today: ... Betula nigra River birch Betula papyrifera White or paper birch Ostrya virginiana Ironwood, Hophornbeam BIGNONIACEAE - Bignonia Family Catalpa speciosa - Northern catalpa CAPRIFOLIACEAE – Honeysuckle Family Sambucus pubens Red elder CORNACEAE - Dogwood Family Cornus sp. Shaded area represents potential planting range. Cooperative Extension prohibits discrimination and harassment on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, sex (including pregnancy), disability, religion, sexual orientation, gender identity, and veteran status. Donald E. Davis Arboretum College of Sciences and Mathematics. About Us: Collections: Education: Events: Support: Links & Resources /Filter /LZWDecode N.C. Its fall foliage color is yellow. Birches (Betula) - This group of trees is easily recognized by their beautiful bark. ��#q>&����5L�/���s�a~�J1��5Z�v�j�?���E�o�V�`oT�]xػ\z��巙���f�+��;MZ�� �G�>ݠ�S���,���+n;ꏆ�C�砮�i 4M$���k^� � | �,��S��C̬@�3� VT south to FL west to TX north through OK, NE, MI, IO, and MN. Young twigs, buds, and foliage browsed by white-tailed deer. Multi-trunked trees form a more irregular crown and are generally considered to be the superior growth habit for this species. [/CalRGB River birch is perhaps the most culturally adaptable and heat tolerant of the birches. The bark peels away year-round in tough, paper-like layers that remain on the tree. ] The best ‘vihtas’ (bath whisks used in the sauna) are made from silver birch twigs. The bark of a young river birch can vary from having a salmon-pink to brown-gray tint and can be described as having loose layers of curling, paper thin scales. It is the only native birch that does well in low elevations of the south. These different landscapes … Texture: medium Foliage Leaf arrangement: alternate (Fig. River birch is perhaps the most culturally adaptable and heat tolerant of the birches. Although river birches have some susceptibility to aphids, leaf miner and iron chlorosis in high pH soils, these problems are somewhat minor in comparison to the birch borer. It has a narrow, oval to pyramidal crown when young, spreading wider with age as several branches become dominant. It grows 50 feet tall and 40 feet wide. /Length 67316 Gray birch, also spelled Grey Birch, also called Oldfield Birch, Wire Birch, or Poplar-leaved Birch, (Betula populifolia), slender ornamental tree of the family Betulaceae, found in clusters on moist sites in northeastern North America. Yellow birch is a march Although it is better adapted to heat than other birches, not a highly heat-tolerant tree. >> river birch grain. Length. The bark of branches and twigs is grayish brown and more smooth, while new shoots are light green and pubescent. The bark of young River Birch trees is reddish-brown with a papery appearance. *$ 5D��(Aަ &�e؉�q� aј�qT��Q �l7��FX!\@n����^"-�����b.��9(�I���!��2H��HE� You may see Mourning Cloak (Nymphalis antiopa) which has one flight from June-July, Dreamy Duskywing (Erynnis icelus) with one brood April-July and rarely a second in the south, and Eastern Tiger Swallowtail (Papilo glaucus) which has three flights from February-November in the south and two flights May-September in the north. A tree of floodplains and swampy bottomlands, this versatile species also grows well in drier soils. In the landscape, keep the tree consistently moist and consider using soaker hoses and bark mulches to keep the root zones cool and moist. Silver birch is a vigorously sprouting and light-demanding pioneer species which quickly occupies bare ground. Cherry birch is also variously called black birch for its dark, shiny bark, and sweet birch for its wintergreen-smelling twigs. Do not prune in winter or spring when the sap is running because it will bleed. Attracts birds & butterflies . Birch leaf miner may also cause significant problems. �@.�M"���V�� �����p��l3���j>�P��膱$#�1D��(�F ʱ��!���r�r�G��L�3�4�p. Searchable database and photo gallery for the 3,200 vascular plants of Louisiana It lacks the white trunk bark associated with other birches but is distinguished The tree really has alternate (not opposite) leaves. Saplings of this tree are often among the earliest colonizers of newly logged ground in southern New England. The leaves are arranged the same as the birch leaf arrangement. Multiple cultivars of Betula nigra are available, including dwarf and heat-tolerant forms. 'Little King' Form (Stowe Botanical Garden, NC). These plants grow 6 to 12 feet tall and wide and feature peeling bark. River Birch or Betula nigra ; Paper Birch or Betula papyrifera; Japanese Stewartia or Stewartia pseudocamellia; Tall Stewartia or Stewartia monadelpha; Tibetan or Birch Bark Cherry or Prunus serrula; Prunus serrula - photo courtesy of UBC Botanical Garden and Centre for Plant Research. River Birch prefers wet sites and does best in moist, acidic, sandy, or rocky, well-drained loams in full sun to part shade. For S2S paper birch, you might go as high as $4.50, that’s it. Rough or S1S paper birch should cost $2.50 to $4.00 a board foot. Ovate or triangular, tip-pointed. This species has been known to tolerate flooded conditions for extended periods of time. Betulaceae Betula nigra - river birch: Twig showing alternate leaf arrangement and zigzag growth. The River Birch has graceful branches, is easy to transplant, is heat tolerant and moderately salt tolerant. Paper birch, however, is clearly not a substitute for yellow birch and there’s no comparison. Also, this species is becoming very popular among estates, parks, college campuses, and golf courses due to its handsome bark character. Widest below the middle. Leaves are 0.75 to 2.5 inches wide, pointed, sharply acute, broadly cuneate to nearly truncate, glaucous with 7-9 veins underneath. >> River Birch is resistant to the bronze birch borer which infects and kills trees. Leaves are 0.75 to 2.5 inches wide, pointed, … The papery bark layers remain attached giving it an attractive ragged appearance. Common species of birch include white or paper birch (B. papyrifera), river birch (B. nigra), and yellow birch (B. alleghaniensis). The river birch is by far the most adaptable birch species for North-South landscapes. Native Americans are known to have used this tree in many different medicinal purposes. For this reason, it is naturally found in riverbanks, streambanks, and floodplains. << Cooperative Extension, which staffs local offices in all 100 counties and with the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. 1). Provides winter interest in the landscape. They often have "branches", outgrowths of logs on the sides of the trunk, or even freestanding and surrounded by leaves. /Gamma [1.8 1.8 1.8] Use your browser's Back button if you want to change anything and try again. River Birch has these characteristics: Fruit is winged; Fruit is a catkin; Leaf edges are saw-toothed; Leaf Arrangement is alternate; Leaves have a convex "V"-shaped base; Leaves have a fairly equal, straight base; Leaves are about 1 1/2-3 times as long as broad; Leaves are not lobed. The river birch tree (Betula nigra L.) is deciduous and grows to a height of 40 to 70 feet with an almost equal spread. It does not thrive on waterlogged soil. Plants stressed by insects seem more susceptible to cankers. As the tree ages, bark divides into flat, scaly ridges. endobj The bark peels away year-round and the inner bark varies in hue from light to dark. Zones 3-7. 1 0 obj Enter your search terms. 5–10 cm. The leaves are simple, alternate and toothed. ‘Heritage’ is a very popular river birch cultivar with superior ornamental features to the species Small nutlet, about 400,000 seeds per pound, seed is shed in the spring. Pests and Diseases. Black birch has toothed leaves that appear to demonstrate both alternate and opposite leaf arrangement! The scales on a mature tree lack the loose curling and are closely pressed into thick, irregular plates. NC State University and N.C. A&T State University work in tandem, along with federal, state and local governments, to Smooth on young trees, salmon to rust-colored, develops papery scales. ����P��4DC4c When you buy a Alcott Hill® River Artificial Birch Tree in Pot online from Wayfair, we make it as easy as possible for you to find out when your product will be delivered. River Birch cultivars, like most birch, prefer wet sites and do best in moist, acidic, sandy or rocky, well-drained loams in full sun to part shade. Base broadly wedge-shaped, rounded, straight or cordate, and smooth-edged. If the dealer is reputable and the price is more than $5.00 a board foot it has to be yellow birch or they are swindling you. It normally grows with a central leader and small-diameter, dark-colored lateral branches. Living Room Furniture Arrangement Ideas ... and 'Fox Valley' varieties of river birch at your local garden center. It has a narrow, oval to pyramidal crown when young, spreading wider with age as several branches become dominant. Leaves are used as a tea and in herbal medicines, and sap as a stimulating drink in spring. Birds and squirrels eat the male catkins in late winter/early spring. Host plant for Mourning Cloak and Dreamy Duskywing butterflies. As a single trunk tree, it develops a pyramidal habit when young, but matures to a more rounded shape. Betula is Latin for birch and describes a genus of about 60 species of deciduous trees and shrubs found in many gardens and landscapes throughout the northern hemisphere. As the tree matures, the salmon-pink color is exchanged for a reddish-brown with a dark grey base color. The timber is used for plywood and furniture. Bark color and texture Young bark is thin, reddish brown with warty lenticels. The species is valued for its relatively rapid growth, tolerance of wetness and some drought, unique curling bark, spreading limbs, and relative resistance to birch borer. River birch is drought sensitive and does not like hot, dry summers. Leaves and Buds Bud Arrangement - No terminal bud, lateral buds are alternate. Read our Commitment to Diversity | Read our Privacy Statement. They are also more borer-resistant than most birches. It needs little pruning, but if necessary, you can prune during the dormant season. Neoformed leaves remain hairy, especially at the vein axils. Tiny monoecious (male and female) flowers appear in early spring in separate catkins on the same tree. River birch is a fast-growing, deciduous semi-aquatic tree that reaches between 50 and 90 feet in height. Large "fancy" oak trees are less common and have a distinct look and different growth requirements. 3) Leaf type: simple Leaf margin: double serrate Leaf shape: ovate; rhomboid Leaf venation: pinnate Leaf type and persistence: deciduous Curly birch (var. Garden Uses. 'Heritage' river birch is reportedly resistant to bronze birch borer. C-Value: 10 Found in wet, swampy, marsh and bogs in northern Midwest. As its name suggests, the river birch naturally grows along riverbanks. /Matrix [0.4497 0.2446 0.02518 0.3163 0.672 0.1412 0.1845 0.08334 0.9227] But as a landscape tree, it can be planted almost anywhere in the U.S. Birches are considered “bleeders”, avoid pruning in late spring before leaves emerge. No pests or diseases are of major concern. It normally grows with a central leader and small-diameter, dark-colored lateral branches. Watch for leaf spot problems. Betula nigra, or River Birch, is a deciduous, upright, flowering tree with cinnamon brown, exfoliating bark and yellow fall foliage that tends to drop off the tree quickly. Color/Appearance: Heartwood tends to be a light reddish brown, with nearly white sapwood. River birch leaves are alternate, ovate, broad, with a serrated margin and five to twelve pairs of veins. The leaf of the River Birch is 2 to 3.5 inches long with modest yellow fall color. Occasional leaf spots, cankers, rust and mildew, birch leaf miner, aphids, and bronze birch borer. Occasionally figured pieces are available with a … Although it is not drought tolerant, it still has a high heat tolerance. Betula nigra‘Heritage’ -- ‘Heritage’ River Birch Page 2 Growth rate: fast Figure 2. It can be trained as either a single trunk or multi-trunked tree. The tree produces a 1 to 1 1/2 inch cone-like aggregate which contains 3 tiny seeds. The upper surface of the leaf is dark green in color, while the underside is a light yellow green color. Seeds consumed by grouse, turkey, small birds and rodents. Sap can be fermented to make birch beer. 9 veins per side or fewer. Leaf Feel: Rough Leaf Value To Gardener: Showy Deciduous Leaf Fall Color: Gold/Yellow Leaf Type: Simple Leaf Arrangement: Alternate Leaf Shape: Deltoid Ovate Rhomboidal Leaf Margin: Doubly Serrate Hairs Present: Yes Leaf Length: 1-3 inches Leaf Width: 1-3 inches Leaf Description: The leaf of the River Birch is 2 to 3.5 inches long with modest yellow fall color. Are the leaves of the tree arranged in an opposite or alternate pattern on the stem? 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